{"id":13732,"date":"2020-12-30T13:04:21","date_gmt":"2020-12-30T07:34:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/?p=13732"},"modified":"2020-12-30T13:40:17","modified_gmt":"2020-12-30T08:10:17","slug":"brain-drain-or-lack-of-opportunity-in-india-20-years-on-where-are-the-board-toppers-over-half-are-abroad-most-in-science-and-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/?p=13732","title":{"rendered":"Brain Drain or Lack of Opportunity In India : 20 years on, where are the Board toppers? Over half are abroad, most in science and technology"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Brain Drain or Lack of Opportunity In India : 20 years on, where are the Board toppers? Over half are abroad, most in science and technology<\/p>\n<p>Rajiv Upadhyay\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/RKU-263x300.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8461\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-8461\" src=\"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/RKU-263x300-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"rp_RKU-263x300.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/RKU-263x300-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/RKU-263x300-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/RKU-263x300-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Should it be a matter of concern that for the last twenty years half of the Board Toppers of India have gone abroad ?<\/p>\n<p>On the one hand India has plenty of intelligent man power and loss of few individuals, however bright, is not a matter of serious concern . But when we consider our failure in innovation , designing compared to Israel,South Korea , Taiwan etc , it is obvious that India does not provide opportunity or ambience for real bright persons to excel and shine particularly in science and technology\u00a0 . Chinese threat should have made us undertake a serious introspection but it is no ones priority. So if our toppers can become a Nobel prize winner or a Microsoft&#8217;s Nadela or Google&#8217;s Sunder Pichchai outside , so be it ! Why grieve over their achievements or loss ?<\/p>\n<p>But it should be a matter of concern that our Babudom has completely demotivated scientists and technical personnel so much that no one sees a future in India . The dominance of &#8216;know nothing generalists&#8217; in all top positions , uncertain and endless squabbles on fund allocation kills appetite of serious researchers . See how HAL is being deliberately killed by denial of orders and yet we want the best aircrafts made in India ! Cancellation of two extra increments of ISRO scientists , being availed for twenty years , just after Chandrayan mission is a typical example of bureaucratic vindictive\u00a0 high handedness . Similarly in spite of promise by Modi ji , bureaucracy made armed forces cry before PM intervened and let them have &#8220;One rank one Pay&#8221;. Self perpetuation and\u00a0 not the national development is the objective of our higher bureaucracy .<\/p>\n<p>Any one worried about our real relative regression in science and technology should worry about why no one is paying adequate attention to progress in Science and technology . Y Continuous Brain drain is a symptom not the disease but it should worry us . Young bright students are not taking science or technology as career.<\/p>\n<p>Read Indian Express&#8217;s\u00a0 article below .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/express-exclusive\/tracking-indias-school-toppers-cbse-icse-7121532\/\">20 years on, where are the Board toppers? Over half are abroad, most in science and technology | Express Exclusive News,The Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"heading-part\">\n<h1 class=\"native_story_title\">20 years on, where are the Board toppers? Over half are abroad, most in science and technology<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"synopsis\">Gender gap; students increasingly from outside metros; US most favoured destination, IIT popular route; minorities, SC\/STs invisible: 86 CBSE, ICSE, ISC toppers 1996-2015 tell stories of change \u2014 and point to challenges as the new National Education Policy rolls out.<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"leftpanel\">\n<div class=\"story-details\">\n<div class=\"main-story\">\n<div class=\"articles\">\n<div class=\"full-details\">\n<div id=\"storycenterbyline\" class=\"editor\">Written by\u00a0<a id=\"written_by1\" class=\"bulletProj\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/profile\/author\/ritika-chopra\/\">Ritika Chopra<\/a><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"custom-caption\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2014\/03\/cats-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" \/><span class=\"ie-custom-caption\">Amid soaring cut-off marks based on Class 12 Board exams, as the government, in tune with its new National Education Policy, sets up a panel to explore a national test to rejig the college admission process, the findings from the investigation are pointers to the challenges ahead.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"pcl-full-content\">\n<p>They are India\u2019s national school board toppers over 20 years. So it\u2019s no surprise that one\u2019s a\u00a0<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/about\/cancer\/\">cancer<\/a>\u00a0physician in New York; another is a PhD fellow at MIT; one is a Harvard professor; one a hedge fund manager in Singapore \u2014 and as many as 11 are working for\u00a0<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/about\/google\/\">Google<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Each is a story of individual talent and effort, excellence and achievement, outliers all. But taken together, as an investigation by\u00a0<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/\">The Indian Express<\/a>\u00a0reveals, the arcs of their different lives \u2014 and careers \u2014 tell significant stories of a generation coming of age after India opened up in the 1990s. Of how some aspirations endure, some don\u2019t; how some divides have crumbled, some remain as intractable as ever.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-w5kp-iBfnk?version=3&amp;rel=1&amp;showsearch=0&amp;showinfo=1&amp;iv_load_policy=1&amp;fs=1&amp;hl=en-US&amp;autohide=2&amp;wmode=transparent\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/span><strong>ALSO READ |\u00a0<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/express-exclusive\/school-toppers-cbse-icse-board-7121538\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0Who\u2019s who \u2014 and where<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7121569 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Toppers-USA.jpg\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Toppers-USA.jpg 759w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Toppers-USA.jpg?resize=450,339 450w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Toppers-USA.jpg?resize=600,451 600w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Toppers-USA.jpg?resize=538,405 538w\" alt=\"\" width=\"759\" height=\"571\" data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ie-int-campign-ad\"><\/div>\n<p>More than half the toppers live overseas today, the US being the destination of choice. Most are in science and technology with IITs their most favoured undergraduate pit-stop; more than half of them grew up outside metros, in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, and only one is a minority \u2014 there\u2019s not one Dalit or tribal. And if you are a girl topper, you are much less likely to move overseas than if you were a boy.<\/p>\n<p>These are among the key findings of the four-month investigation by The Indian Express that tracked down 86 men and women who stood first in India, between 1996 and 2015, in their Class 10 and 12 exams conducted by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations.<\/p>\n<p>Amid soaring cut-off marks based on Class 12 Board exams, as the government, in tune with its new\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/education\/nep-2020-key-takeaways-from-national-education-policy-what-it-means-to-you-6530748\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>National Education Policy<\/strong><\/a>, sets up a panel to explore a national test to rejig the college admission process, the findings from the investigation are pointers to the challenges ahead.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Over half the toppers live or work abroad<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>More than half the toppers \u2014 between 21 and 42 years of age \u2014 are in foreign countries, most of them are employed, a quarter of them are pursuing advanced degrees. Three of every four who are abroad are in the United States. While the US remains the preferred destination, others are based in the UK, Australia, Singapore, China, Canada, Bangladesh and the UAE.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"custom-caption\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7121795\" src=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Karuna.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Karuna.jpg 759w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Karuna.jpg?resize=314,450 314w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Karuna.jpg?resize=419,600 419w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Karuna.jpg?resize=283,405 283w\" alt=\"\" data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" \/>\u00a0Karuna Ganesh.<\/span>Of those employed abroad, most work in the tech sector, followed by medicine and finance.<\/p>\n<p>Four out of 10 working in the US are in Silicon Valley. Like Biswanath Panda, who graduated from Little Flower School in Jamshedpur in 1999 and is now senior director of engineering at Google in San Francisco. Indeed, Google is home to 11 toppers, the most in any one company.<\/p>\n<p>Karuna Ganesh, 37, left the country soon after topping her Class 10 ICSE exam in 1999 to join United World College (UWC), USA, an international boarding school that brings together 200 students from 80 countries. She is now a physician-scientist at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7121688 size-medium alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/toppers-11.jpg?resize=196,600\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/toppers-11.jpg 759w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/toppers-11.jpg?resize=147,450 147w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/toppers-11.jpg?resize=196,600 196w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/toppers-11.jpg?resize=503,1536 503w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/toppers-11.jpg?resize=670,2048 670w\" alt=\"\" width=\"196\" height=\"600\" data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" \/>\u201cMy parents were supportive about my moving abroad since UWC has a strong track record of sending students to top universities around the world, in addition to the global, multicultural education it provides,\u201d said Ganesh, who subsequently earned a BA in Biochemistry, MA in Medicine, PhD in Molecular Biology and MD from Cambridge University.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Most went abroad to study citing better ecosystem<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Higher education is the primary reason why toppers left the country. Of those living abroad, over 70% left India to pursue either their undergraduate or postgraduate studies \u2014 only a dozen of the 86 went to take up a job.<\/p>\n<p>For example, Somnath Bose, 40, left India in 2008 with an MBBS from Calcutta Medical College and an MD from AIIMS, to pursue training in critical care. Today, he is an assistant professor at Boston\u2019s Harvard Medical School and staff anesthesiologist at its teaching hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.<\/p>\n<p>Bose says that when he left India, programmes in critical care were just starting to open up. \u201cThe US\u2026 had well-established clinical training pathways in that field, plus afforded opportunities to mix clinical work with focus on research,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdsc-related-modify\">\n<div class=\"pdsc-related-txt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/latest-news\/\">Top News Right Now<\/a><\/div>\n<ul class=\"pdsc-related-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/india-pakistan-china-air-force-7125550\/\">Chinese air assets fully deployed, flags deepening Sino-Pak ties: IAF chief<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/india-uk-covid-strain-cases-vaccine-7125788\/\">India extends UK flights ban over new covid strain; 20 cases reported<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/rajnath-singh-anti-conversion-law-farmers-protest-india-china-border-lac-7125731\/\">Don&#8217;t approve of conversion for marriage, says Rajnath Singh<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"pdsc-full-coverage-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/latest-news\/\">CLICK HERE FOR MORE<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"custom-caption\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7121789 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/janaki-1.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/janaki-1.jpg 759w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/janaki-1.jpg?resize=450,441 450w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/janaki-1.jpg?resize=600,587 600w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/janaki-1.jpg?resize=414,405 414w\" alt=\"\" data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" \/>\u00a0Janaki Sheth.<\/span>Janaki Sheth, 28, who studied at a school in Thane and aced the Class 10 ICSE exams in 2008 with 98.6%, has a BTech in Engineering Physics from IIT Bombay. In 2014, she left for the US for a PhD in Physics at the University of California, Los Angeles. On why she decided to study abroad, Sheth, now a postdoctoral scholar at the University of Pennsylvania, said, \u201cSix to seven years ago, scientific research was not very well-funded in India. So while I had some invaluable experiences at IIT, it was not sufficient for a PhD. In the US, science gets a great policy thrust which means there are more places to do good work, and there is constant upgradation of technology,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>For Arkya Chatterjee, 24, who topped the Class 12 ISC exam in 2015 from a Kolkata school before graduating from IIT-Bombay in Engineering Physics, the move to the US revealed a different side to the teacher-student equation. \u201c(There is) more honesty about collaborations \u2014 professors encourage students to talk to each other and work on homework together. This reduces the incentive for academic dishonesty. This kind of trust was mostly absent at my undergraduate institute back in India,\u201d said Chatterjee, who is now enrolled as a PhD student at MIT.<\/p>\n<p>More than half the toppers (48 out of 86) chose engineering as their undergraduate degree \u2014 only 12 did medicine. Among those who studied engineering, six out of 10 did so at an IIT.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"custom-caption\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7121791\" src=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Arkya.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Arkya.jpg 759w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Arkya.jpg?resize=238,450 238w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Arkya.jpg?resize=318,600 318w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/Arkya.jpg?resize=214,405 214w\" alt=\"\" data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" \/>\u00a0Arkya Chatterjee.<\/span>Many, however, confessed that an interest in engineering wasn\u2019t always the motivation behind the decision.<\/p>\n<p>Sundaresh Nageswaran, 32, who topped the CBSE Class 10 exam in 2004 before studying Mechanical Engineering at IIT-Roorkee, said it was the \u201csocietal norm\u201d for those who did well in school to study engineering. \u201cEngineering, or more specifically IIT, was the rule\u2026 I later realised I wasn\u2019t interested in engineering and moved out to other fields,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Sundresh later pursued an MBA from the Indian School of Business, Hyderabad, and until September, was general manager (business development) at Sea6 Energy, a platform that harnesses the potential of oceans. In his role there, he admits, there was no direct use for his mechanical engineering know-how. He is now working on his own venture.<\/p>\n<p>To be sure, few regret their undergraduate degree in engineering. However, many wish they had exposure to other professions or career counselling at that age.<\/p>\n<p>Lekshmi Vaidyeswaran, 29, who topped the CBSE Class 10 exam in 2007 with 99%, and is currently a senior product manager at ICICI Prudential Life Insurance in Mumbai, has a BTech degree in applied electronics and instrumentation from the College of Engineering Trivandrum.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMy family wanted me to go for Commerce. I insisted on engineering as any other choice was perceived as something opted by those who could not make it to engineering,\u201d she said. \u201cIn hindsight, yes, I would have gone for Commerce and pursued Chartered Accountancy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"custom-caption\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7121784\" src=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/shubhajit.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/shubhajit.jpg 759w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/shubhajit.jpg?resize=450,450 450w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/shubhajit.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/shubhajit.jpg?resize=404,405 404w\" alt=\"\" data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" \/>\u00a0Subhojit Ghosh.<\/span>Subhojit Ghosh, 29, who topped the ISC Class 12 exam from a Kolkata school in 2009 with 99.25%, has a BTech in Mechanical Engineering from IIT Kanpur.<\/p>\n<p>He later did an MBA from Harvard Business School and is working as senior product manager at Amazon in Seattle. \u201cWhile the IIT brand was definitely a factor, there was no family pressure\u2026 I liked math and science, and agree that I did not know much about other non-IIT options at that point, probably due to lack of career advice at a school level. But in hindsight, a better awareness on how your undergraduate degree links to various types of future career roles may have altered my decision of choosing mechanical engineering,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Those who stayed back in India<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"custom-caption\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7121785 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/parnil-1.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/parnil-1.jpg 759w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/parnil-1.jpg?resize=300,450 300w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/parnil-1.jpg?resize=401,600 401w, https:\/\/images.indianexpress.com\/2020\/12\/parnil-1.jpg?resize=270,405 270w\" alt=\"\" data-lazy-loaded=\"true\" \/>\u00a0Parnil Singh.<\/span>Among toppers who stayed back or returned to India after their higher studies, most have chosen a career in finance, followed by the tech sector, consulting, and business. This is unlike those settled abroad, who mostly worked in the tech sector.<\/p>\n<p>For Parnil Singh, 27, the CBSE Class 10 topper of 2009 from a school in\u00a0<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/elections\/visakhapatnam-lok-sabha-election-results\/\">Visakhapatnam<\/a>, there was little incentive to pursue postgraduate studies in management abroad since, she says, premier business schools in India offered more value for money. While she was at IIM-Calcutta, where she did her MBA, Singh was offered a job by Kearney, a global management consulting firm, and joined them in Delhi as consultant this month. \u201cWhile an MBA abroad has its merits, it is too expensive. And today, India has lots of great jobs and opportunities in the private sector,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tackling social, economic challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Of the 86 toppers, only one belonged to the Other Backward Class (OBC) category. None was Dalit or tribal. Of the 76 toppers who responded to this newspaper\u2019s questionnaire, just five were first-generation college-goers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"o-story-paper-quite\">\n<p><span class=\"o-story-paper-quite__label\">TRACING TOPPERS<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"o-story-paper-quite__headline\">THE INVESTIGATION, THE METHOD<\/h2>\n<p>The Indian Express obtained names of 86 toppers of Class 10 and 12 exams conducted by the Council of Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) and the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Of the 86 names, 62 graduated between 1996 and 2015 from schools affiliated to the CISCE Board, and 24 were national CBSE toppers from 2004 to 2015. Some years, the Boards had three or even four joint national toppers. For CBSE Class 10, there was no topper from 2010 to 2015 since the Board had switched from marks to grades. To track down the toppers, The Indian Express checked newspaper archives, social media sites, contacted school principals, teachers and alumni associations. In one case, help came from a bank union in UP, which tapped its network to locate a retired employee, who is the father of an ICSE national topper. A detailed qualitative questionnaire was sent to each of the 86 toppers. Ten did not respond, but their stories are part of this series. Of the 86, 74 were Science students in Class 12, 12 did Commerce. No topper was from the Arts\/Humanities stream. Year 2015 was chosen as the cut-off year to ensure that all students featured had, by 2020, completed or were close to completing their first undergraduate degree.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Mohammad Ismat, 29, from Imphal, Manipur, topped the Class 12 CBSE exam in 2012. Ismat, who says his teacher S M Singh paid his Board examination fee since his family couldn\u2019t afford it, went on to study BSc (Honours) Physics at Delhi\u2019s St. Stephen\u2019s College, funded by a corporate house.<\/p>\n<p>A personal crisis at home meant that Ismat had to put his career aspirations on hold for almost four years after he graduated from Delhi University. This year, he started preparing for the UPSC examination. Of the 74 toppers who shared their family income with The Indian Express, only one came from the lowest earning quartile. The student, who didn\u2019t want to be identified, said his parents earned less than Rs 1 lakh per annum when he topped the Class 12 Board exam.<\/p>\n<p>Almost three-fourths said their parents earned over Rs 5 lakh annually at the time of their Board exams. The remaining reported annual family incomes of between Rs 1 lakh and Rs 5 lakh.<\/p>\n<p>More than half the toppers are from Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities such as Dehradun, Dhanbad, Asansol, Jamshedpur, Trivandrum, Lucknow and Meerut \u2014 cities where English-medium ICSE and CBSE schools have ridden on the ambition and aspiration for a better future in these parts. These are also the cities hardest hit during the\u00a0<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/pandemic-explained-who-novel-coronavirus-covid19-what-is-a-pandemic-6309727\/\">pandemic<\/a>, compounding fears of job losses and school dropouts<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Brain Drain or Lack of Opportunity In India : 20 years on, where are the&#8230; <a class=\"meta-more\" href=\"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/?p=13732\">more <span class=\"meta-nav\">&raquo;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-2","category-economy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13732"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13732\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13737,"href":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13732\/revisions\/13737"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/13733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}