ERDICT<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
WHAT CAUSES COMMUNAL VIOLENCE<\/b><\/p>\n
Analytical Study of a Judicial Verdict<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0. . . . . .<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ram Kumar Ohri, IPS (Retd)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/i><\/b>. . . . . . . . . . . . . .<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Frequent eruption of communal violence in different parts of the<\/p>\n
country even after partition of India in 1947 continues to confound the<\/p>\n
Indian politicians and administrators. When India was partitioned in 1947<\/p>\n
along patently communal lines, it was believed by the Hindus that in future<\/p>\n
there will be no communal conflicts and the pre-partition history of recurring<\/p>\n
communal violence \u00a0and the Muslim breast-beating of grievance politics will<\/p>\n
disappear \u00a0for ever. \u00a0But that did not happen despite immense appeasement<\/p>\n
of\u00a0 the Muslim community by Gandhiji and Pandit Nehru.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
2.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The short-lived post-independence\u00a0 spell of communal peace was<\/p>\n
soon replaced by frequently occurring Hindu Muslim riots. By now the<\/p>\n
growing menace of \u00a0communal clashes has reached almost the same dizzy<\/p>\n
proportions which had been witnessed in pre-partition years.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
3.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0After being buried in cold storage for nearly two years, the highly divisive and constitutionally unacceptable Prevention \u00a0of \u00a0Communal & Targeted Violence\u00a0 Bill is back on the\u00a0 election agenda of \u00a0the UPA.\u00a0 The proposed \u00a0law, if enacted, will brand the majority community (read Hindus) as the sole perpetrators of multiple communal riots erupting\u00a0 anywhere in the country.\u00a0 Interestingly the general impression among\u00a0 the Hindu masses \u00a0is that the proposed law is the\u00a0 logical consequence\u00a0 of the wonky policy statement made by the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh, \u00a0on December 9, 2006,\u00a0 that the Muslims will have\u00a0 the\u00a0 first claim on the country\u2019s\u00a0 resources\u201d which implied that in future the majority community will be allowed only the left-over crumbs, after the Muslims had their fill to heart\u2019s content.\u00a0 Unfortunately\u00a0 no analyst, nor any member of our ever-ebullient political\u00a0 commentariate has tried to understand the implications of this\u00a0 wonky policy announcement of our Prime\u00a0 Minister.<\/p>\n
The most significant aspect of \u00a0Dr.Manmohan Singh\u2019s \u00a0notoriously famous announcement was that it was madeon the birthday of the UPA\u2019 Chairperson, Sonia Gandhi.<\/p>\n
Prima facie<\/i> the UPA led by the National Advisory Council \u00a0is least interested \u00a0in \u00a0eradicating the causes of outbreak of \u00a0communal riots.\u00a0 Their sole motive is to appease the Muslim minority and convert them into their staple votebank for riding to victory in the coming elections. \u00a0\u00a0Everyone knows that UPA\u2019s \u00a0National Advisory Council \u00a0is a typical \u00a0\u00a0rag-tag outfit of\u00a0 self-anointed \u00a0secularists most of whom happen to be rank communalists and dyed-in-the wool leftists. \u00a0\u00a0They have recommended the enactment of \u00a0a constitutionally flawed law to prevent incidents of communal violence by placing the onus of maintaining peace entirely on the majority community. Without \u00a0bothering to ascertain the real causes of communal riots, the NAC are vigorously pushing for\u00a0 \u2018The Prevention of Communal & Targeted Violence \u00a0Bill\u2019 which squarely blames only the majority community, i.e., the Hindus for eruption of \u00a0all communal riots.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A clumsy attempt is being made pass a law titled \u2018Prevention of Communal & Targeted Violence Bill\u2019\u00a0 which is being pushed in the Parliament to harass the majority community by blaming them for the rising crescendo of\u00a0 communal riots across India.<\/p>\n
In her seminally researched tome, \u2018The Politics of Communalism\u2019<\/i>, published in 1989, Zenab Banu, a Muslim scholar,\u00a0 had analysed\u00a0 74\u00a0 cases of\u00a0 Hindu-Muslim\u00a0 riots\u00a0 which\u00a0 occurred between 1953 and 1977.\u00a0 She found that in 75 percent cases the rioting had been started by the Muslim community.<\/p>\n
Going farther, the proposed law aims at affixing the blame on the police and magistracy for failing to control communal riots, on the trumped up charge of their alleged partisan approach. Apparently the ignoramuses\u00a0 strutting across the political theatre of India as exalted members\u00a0 of \u00a0the NAC do not know that India has been chronically an inadequately policed country having a police to people ratio far below the standard norms accepted worldwide .<\/p>\n
The NAC appears to be equally ignorant of the fact that in \u00a0India as well as in several\u00a0 other countries out\u00a0 of\u00a0 the seven days in a week the maximum number of \u00a0communal \u00a0riots occur on Fridays. Globally the incidence of communal riots on Sundays, Monday, Tuesdays, Wedesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays is far less than the incidence of communal violence on Fridays. The same is true of India.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0But why? An answer to that question will reveal the real cause of \u00a0frequent eruption of communal riots.<\/p>\n
Astonishingly \u00a0no member of\u00a0 the NAC has \u00a0cared to\u00a0 study an important judicial verdict \u00a0given \u00a027 years ago by the\u00a0 Metropolitan Magistrate of \u00a0Delhi, Shri Z.S. Lohat in the year 1986 which highlighted \u00a0the most \u00a0important likely cause of \u00a0frequent communal riots.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
To arrive at the truth it would be useful to go back to the judicial verdict given by Z.S. Lohat, Metropolitan Magistrate of \u00a0Delhi, on 31st<\/sup> July, 1986, in a case registered by Police Station Hauz Qazi, Delhi, under sections 153-A and 295-A IPC against two Hindu activists, Indra Sain Sharma and Rajkumar Arya for publishing and circulating a poster in Hindi citing 24 ayats of the Quran under the caption, \u2018Why Riots Take Place in the Country\u2019. \u00a0The ayats cited in the poster were taken verbatim from an authentic edition of the Quran translated in Hindi and published by a Muslim scholar, Mohammed Farooq Khan \u00a0of \u00a0Maktaba al-Hasnat of Rampur in Uttar Pradesh. \u00a0\u00a0In his book the author had provided the original Arabic text of the Quran, along with Hindi and English translations cited in parallel columns.1<\/sup> \u00a0\u00a0On the basis of a complaint lodged with the police the two Hindu activists were charged under sections 153-A and 295-A of \u00a0the Indian Penal Code\u00a0 for circulating \u00a024 Ayats \u00a0of \u00a0Quran which commanded the Muslims to fight against the\u00a0 followers of other religions. The ayats cited by the accused persons were 9.5, 9.28, 4.101, 9.123, 4.56, 9.23, 9.37, 5.57, 33.61, 21.98, 32.22, 48.20, 8.69,66.9, 41.27. 41.28, 9.111, 9.58, 8.65, 5.51, 9.29, 5.14, 4.89 and\u00a0 9.14, briefly enumerated below.<\/p>\n The Hindi poster claimed, \u201cSome ayats of the Quran Majid command the Muslims to fight against the followers of \u00a0all\u00a0 other\u00a0 faiths, as indicated below:<\/p>\n 10. Lo! Ye (idolaters)\u00a0 and that which you worship beside Allah are fuel of \u00a0hell. Thereunto ye will come. (21.98)<\/p>\n 11. And who doth greater wrong than he who is reminded of the revelations of his Lord, then turneth from them. Lo!\u00a0\u00a0 We shall requite the guilty. (32.22)<\/p>\n 12. Allah promised you the much booty that ye will capture. (48.20)<\/p>\n 13. Now enjoy what ye have won as lawful and good. (8.69)<\/p>\n 14. O Prophet!\u00a0 \u00a0Strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites, and\u00a0\u00a0 be stern with them.\u00a0 Hell will be their home, a hapless journey\u2019s end. (66.9)<\/p>\n 15. But verily We shall cause those who disbelieve to taste an awful doom and verily \u00a0We shall requite them the worst of what they used to do. (41.27)<\/p>\n 16. That the reward of Allah\u2019s enemies: the Fire.\u00a0 Therein is their immortal home, payment for as much as they denied\u00a0 Our revelations. (41.28)<\/p>\n 17. Lo!\u00a0 Allah has bought from the believers their lives and their wealth because the Garden will be theirs. They shall fight in the way of Allah and shall slay and be slain. (9.11l)<\/p>\n 18. Allah promises hypocrites, both men and women, and disbelievers fire of hell for their abode. \u00a0It will suffice them. Allah curseth them and theirs is lasting torment. (9.58)<\/p>\n 19. O\u2019 Prophet!\u00a0 Exhort the believers to fight. If there be of you twenty steadfast they shall overcome two hundred,\u00a0 and I there be of you a hundred steadfast they shall overcome a thousand of those who disbelieve because they (the disbelievers) are a folk without intelligence. (8.65)<\/p>\n 20.O\u2019 ye who believe! Take not the Jews and Christians for friends. They are friends one to another.\u00a0 He among you who taketh them for friends is (one) of them. Lo!\u00a0 Allah guideth not wrongdoing folks. (5.51)<\/p>\n 21. Fight against such of those who have been given the scripture\u00a0 as believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, and forbid not\u00a0 that which\u00a0 Allah hath forbidden by His messenger and follow not the religion of truth, until they pay the tribute readily, being brought low. (9.29)<\/p>\n 22. Therefore, We have stirred up enmity and hatred among them till the day of Resurrection, when Allah will inform them of their handiwork. (5.14)<\/p>\n 23. They long that that ye should disbelieve that ye may be upon a level (with them). So choose not friends from them till they forsake their homes in the way of Allah.\u00a0 If they turn back (to enmity) then take them and kill them wherever ye find them, and choose not friend nor helper from among them. (4.89)<\/p>\n 24. Fight them! Allah will chastise them at your hands, and He will lay them low and give you victory over them, and He will heal the breasts of folks who are believers. (9.14)\u201d 2\u00a0 <\/sup><\/p>\n <\/p>\n The poster objected to by the complainant\u00a0 Muslims further added that \u201cthere are numerous other ayats of the same sort (in Quran). Here we have cited only twenty-four ayats. \u00a0Obviously, these \u00a0ayats \u00a0carry\u00a0 commandments which promote enmity, ill-will, hatred, deception, fraud, strife, robbery and murder. That is why riots take place between Muslims and non-Muslims, in this country as well as (the rest of) the world.\u201d \u00a0The poster claimed, \u201cIn the above mentioned twenty-four ayats of the Quran Majid, Mussalmans are commanded to fight against the followers of other faiths. So long as these \u00a0ayats are not removed \u00a0(from the Quran) riots in the country cannot be prevented.\u201d3\u00a0 <\/sup><\/p>\n On behalf of government the Assistant Public Prosecutor argued that the ayats quoted at serial Nos 2,5,9,11 to 19 and at serial No. 22 were either not in the Quran, or that they were distorted version of the ayats in the Quran. The accused, however, argued that these ayats cited by them were part of the Quran Majeed translated by a Muslim scholar, Mohammed Farooq Khan and had been taken verbatim from his book. \u00a0And they argued \u00a0that these exhort the Muslims to fight against the followers of other faiths. They averred that so long as these continued to be\u00a0 part of the Quran Majeed, communal riots in India cannot be prevented.<\/p>\n After hearing \u00a0both sides and discussing their arguments, the learned \u00a0Metropolitan Magistrate discharged the two accused persons, Inder Sain Sharma and Rajkumar, on the ground that \u00a0prima facie<\/i> \u00a0there was no case against them.\u00a0 No charge could be framed against the two Hindu activists because the ayats reproduced in the poster were found to be correct. The learned Metropolitan Magistrate stated in his order, \u201cI have personally compared the disputed ayats with Quran Majeed (translated in Hindi) with notes by one\u00a0 Mohammed \u00a0Farookh \u00a0Khan \u00a0and \u00a0have found that the most of the ayats have been reproduced in the poster in the original form as is available in the Quran Majeed\u201d.<\/p>\n In his epochal judgement the learned Magistrate proclaimed, \u201cIn view of the\u00a0 above discussion, I am therefore of the view that there is no prima facie<\/i> case against the accused as the offences alleged against the accused do not fall prima facie<\/i> within the four corners of Sections 153-A \/295-A.\u201d<\/p>\n It is a matter of record that no appeal was filed against the judgement\u00a0 by the leaders of the Muslim community on whose complaint the two Hindu activists had been arrested and prosecuted by the police. Nor was any appeal filed against the acquittal of two Hindu activists by the prosecution on behalf of the State. \u00a0Apparently they knew very well that the \u00a0Quran did preach \u00a0hatred and violence against \u00a0non-believers and for that reason they dare not challenge the judicial verdict by appealing to the High Court. Also it should be noted that the Delhi government, too, did not file an appeal against the judgement, and allowed the judicial truth to remain on record \u00a0unchallenged !<\/p>\n It is high time that \u00a0the aforesaid judicial\u00a0 verdict Is thrown at the partisan members of the NAC.\u00a0 They must read the \u00a0historical judicial pronouncement as well as the anti-kaffir \u00a0ayats \u00a0in the holy Quran to understand the\u00a0 rising \u00a0tide of \u00a0communal violence, not only in India, but all over the world. The malaise of \u00a0communal riots, erupting \u00a0mostly on Fridays, \u00a0is not limited to India and has already become a global phenomenon affecting several countries like Egypt, Nigeria, Sudan, Chechenya and Dagestan in\u00a0 Russia, Xingjiang Province of China, Burma, Thailand, Sri Lanka, the Philippines and \u00a0\u00a0several cities of \u00a0France, Sweden, Denmark, etc.\u00a0 Most countries, including China, \u00a0have started treating Friday as the rioters day out.<\/p>\n It is evident that the NAC has deliberately woven a hatred spewing value judgement against the majority community without understanding the A, B, C of \u00a0the single most important cause of communal violence across the world. The undeclared agenda of the NAC as well as the UPA government appears to be is \u00a0spreading \u00a0hatred against the Hindus \u00a0of India for consolidating the UPA\u2019s votebank agenda. For centuries the Hindus have been known worldwide to be a peace-loving and non-violent community and. \u00a0But Sonia Gandhi\u2019s \u00a0NAC is trying to paint them as an\u00a0 incorrigibly violent religious group. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Reasons : \u00a0best left unstated lest I am labelled as a saffronite fundamentalist!.<\/p>\n Time has come for the Indian nation to critically analyse and publicly debate the real causes of growing communal hatred and clashes between the Muslims and non-Muslims across the globe to thwart National Advisory Council\u2019s ugly design of \u00a0laying blame for all communal riots on one community, namely the Hindus. The malaise is a global problem and not an India-specific phenomenon.<\/p>\n . . . . . . . . . .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n References.<\/p>\n Ibid, p. xiii<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ERDICT WHAT CAUSES COMMUNAL VIOLENCE Analytical Study of a Judicial Verdict \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0. …. more \n
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