{"id":3863,"date":"2013-11-16T22:14:55","date_gmt":"2013-11-16T16:44:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/?p=3863"},"modified":"2013-11-16T22:19:07","modified_gmt":"2013-11-16T16:49:07","slug":"soldier-and-the-state-in-india-by-the-bullet-or-by-the-book-excellent-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/?p=3863","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0928 : Soldier and The State In India : By The Bullet or By The Book : Excellent Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Modi_VK_Singh295\"<\/a>\u0967\u096f\u096b\u0966 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u091a\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 . \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0902\u091a\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u00a0 \u091c\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 . \u0967\u096f\u096c\u0968 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940.\u092a\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u091c\u092c \u0967\u096f\u096c\u096d \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u0925\u0941\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0906 , \u0907\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0901\u0927\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u091c\u092c\u093e\u092c\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947 \u0926\u0940 . \u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u096a\u0966\u0966 \u0938\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u00a0 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0967\u096f\u096c\u0968 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948.<\/p>\n

\u092a\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0916\u0947\u0926 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u0940 \u0967\u096f\u096d\u0967 \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094c\u0930\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0928 \u0905\u092c \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u094b \u0967\u096f\u096c\u0968 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948.\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092c\u094c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 .<\/p>\n

\u091b\u0920\u0947 \u092a\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u0940\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u094b \u0938\u092c \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u094b\u095c \u0926\u0940\u0902 .<\/p>\n

\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u0915\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948.<\/p>\n

\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.millenniumpost.in\/NewsContent.aspx?NID=43457<\/a><\/p>\n

The Soldier and the State in India | By the bullet or by the book
\n10 November 2013, Anil Bhat<\/strong>
\nAuthor: Ayesha Ray Publisher: Sage Price: Rs 595
\nAyesha Roy sheds light on the complex and changing nature of civil-military relations in India, says Anil Bhat<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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In the 1950s, when Indian Army\u2019s top brass appraised then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru about the Chinese build-up and incursions, concerted with release of maps, the first Indian PM trashed their reports, naively complacent with his belief in the Panchsheel agreement and the Hindi Chini Bhai Bhai<\/i> mantra. The perception of Major T P Francis, one of the official interpreters during Zhou En Lai\u2019s visit to India in 1962, did not at all match with the interpretation that others gave. He predicted that China would attack India in six months. With nobody in the government, including Nehru, who met him, willing to go along with his interpretation, Major Francis resigned in protest.
\nChina did indeed attack India within six months. Indian Army, inadequately armed with over half-a- century-old bolt action .303 Lee Enfield rifles, insufficient ammunition and lack of extreme winter clothing, suffered a humiliating defeat, with 1,860 fatal casualties. Compounded by the deficiencies mentioned,\u00a0 daft and rigid political directions of \u2018forward posture\u2019, \u2018not to lose an inch of ground\u2019 and not using the Air Force in offensive role so as \u2018to not raise the level of confrontation\u2019\u00a0 made this defeat hurt the Armed Forces all the more. While everything from potatoes to postage stamps became dearer, Nehru, it was said, was a broken man, who, at long last, had to sack the then defence minister V K Krishna Menon.
\nIn 1967, when Chinese army upped the ante at Nathu La, Sikkim, by mortar bombardment in addition to small arms fire killing a number of Indian Army officers and soldiers, the then Brigade Commander, M M S Bakshi, requested for sanction to respond with artillery fire. This could only be sanctioned by the defence minister, whose portfolio was held by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Giving her approval without any delay, that too when she was in a cabinet meeting, she allowed for the Indian Army\u2019s retaliation soon after, that resulted in about 400 of the Chinese troops being killed, a convoy of vehicles destroyed and many Chinese bunkers leveled. Mrs Gandhi had, in one stroke, overturned the 1962 humiliation at the hands of her own father. The message that 1962 cannot be repeated went across to the Chinese very effectively, resulting in not a single bullet being fired (notwithstanding the incursions across the LAC) by them since then till date.
\nThe planning, preparation and implementation of the third war waged by Pakistan against India in December 1971, was again, thanks to Mrs Gandhi being decisive and assertive, fought in quite a Chanakyan\/ Kautilyan mode. Mrs Gandhi taking the recommendations of the Army Chief Gen ( later Field Marshal) Sam Manekshaw\u00a0 seriously, resulted in 93,000 Pakistan armed forces rank and file surrendering to Indian Army at Dhaka after being surrounded by it within barely two weeks of war in erstwhile East Pakistan.
\nThese two instances are classic examples of negative\/disastrous versus positive\/pro-active approaches to national security. The Nehru-Krishna Menon duo\u2019s response to China was a combination of absolute absence of strategic perception for national interest along with a totally uncalled for contemptuous manner of dealing with an obedient and apolitical military leadership, which unfortunately set the pace for similar repetitions in at least the distant future.
\nLal Bahadur Shastri\u2019s approach to the second India-Pakistan war waged again by Pakistan, was positive as was his dealing with the military leadership.\u00a0 While Mrs Gandhi\u2019s approach\/dealings\/decisions related to 1967 and 1971 were indeed very effective and did have some influence on her son, Rajiv Gandhi who succeeded her (responding to Chinese army at Sumdorong Chu, Arunachal Pradesh in 1986), they unfortunately remained confined to these three leaders \u2013 all of who died untimely deaths and thus could not come back to power.
\nWhile subsequent governments failed to follow the assertive approach, or were not assertive enough, what we are seeing in 2013, in dealing\u00a0 with both China and Pakistan are the nadir.
\nAnd since post-1971, a process of downgrading the military\u2019s status is amply reflected in orders of precedence and the Central Pay Commissions (CPCs), particularly the 6th\u00a0 CPC for its anomaly in the grant of Non-Functional Upgradation (NFU) to Defence Forces.
\nAyesha Ray\u2019s The Soldier<\/i> and the State in India<\/i> is an appropriate and timely work which comes as yet another urgent wake up call to the government. This book endeavours\u00a0 to accomplish two goals. First, it brings out the changing nature of civil-military relations in India since the country\u2019s independence. Second, in discussing the changes, the book addresses, some very vital factors. The role of nuclear strategy, the nature of India\u2019s political system, and the nations counterinsurgency policy are decisive factors in influencing the relationship between the country\u2019s political leadership and the military.
\nThese issues carry significant implications for understanding the conduct of war and the strategic choices facing India\u2019s leadership. Of particular importance are her book\u2019s four chapters, viz., \u2018The Evolution of India\u2019s Higher Defense Organization\u2019, \u2018Nuclear Weapons Development in a Strategic Vacuum\u2019, \u2018The Effects of Pakistan\u2019s Nuclear Weapons on Civil-Military Relations in\u00a0 India\u2019 and \u2018The Indian Military\u2019s Role in Unconventional Operations\u2019.
\nIn analysing civilian control, while the author correctly maintains that it is the cornerstone of a democracy and in most democracies, the military works as an agent of the government, remaining under civilian supremacy, the relationship between a country\u2019s political leadership and its military is often subject of change as this relationship is conditioned by a number of factors.
\nMoreover, the issues addressed contain critical implications for the nature of Indian democracy since the performance and legitimacy of the military as an instrument of the state is a major factor in determining the viability of the state. In a democracy, for effective democratic governance, civilian control of the military is considered a critical necessity. It is the principle of civilian control that differentiates democracies from authoritarian states.
\nIn authoritarian regimes, the military performs a dual role of fighting wars and making\u00a0 policy. However, democracies pride themselves in a clear demarcation of roles between civilian and military functions. In most democracies, the executive, whether the President or the Prime Minister, is responsible for formulating policy while the military is designed to be a war fighting force entrusted with the responsibility of protecting the country\u2019s territorial sovereignty from external and internal attacks.
\nThe fact that the author is the daughter of an army officer may well have been\u00a0 motivating and enlightening factors for her to take on the complex issue of civil-military relations in India. Because India, since Independence, stands out as a country which, being the world\u2019s most populous democracy is one in which the military, despite being apolitical and a bulwark of nation building, has been not only given a raw deal by the politico-bureaucratic establishment but also been heavily misused by it on two counts.
\nOne is of misusing it to deal with certain internal situations, which the police has failed to deal effectively with. And the other is of misusing it by often not using it or not optimally using it, when it should have been used in sheer national interest, against external aggression.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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