\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e . \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0932\u0942\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0917 \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u091c\u092c \u092d\u092f\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u095b \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0902 .\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0916\u0941\u0926 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 .
\nFrom Times of India, dated Feb 18, 2014<\/p>\n
LONDON: The Ganges is teeming with multi-drug resistant superbugs, <\/p>\n
including the deadly NDM-1 virus, and their levels peak during the annual <\/p>\n
pilgrimage season, says a new study.<\/p>\n
Experts from UK’s Newcastle University and the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, sampled <\/p>\n
water and sediments at seven sites along the upper Ganges and found that in May-June , when <\/p>\n
millions of pilgrims travel to Rishikesh and Haridwar , levels of resistance genes that lead to “superbugs” <\/p>\n
were about 60 times higher than other times of the year.<\/p>\n
The NDM-1 was first identified in New Delhi and coded by the resistant gene blaNDM-1 . <\/p>\n
Until recently, strains that carry blaNDM-1 were only found in clinical settings or hospitals <\/p>\n
but in 2008, blaNDM-1 positive strains were found in surface waters in Delhi. Since then, <\/p>\n
blaNDM-1 has been found elsewhere in the world, including new variants.<\/p>\n
By comparing water quality of the upper Ganges in February and again in June, the team showed <\/p>\n
that levels of blaNDM-1 were 20 times higher per capita during the pilgrimage season than at other times.<\/p>\n
Monitoring levels of other contaminants in the water, the study found overloading of waste treatment <\/p>\n
facilities was likely to blame and that in many cases, untreated sewage was going straight into the river <\/p>\n
where the pilgrims bathe.<\/p>\n
“The bugs and their genes are carried in people’s guts,” said professor David Graham , an environmental <\/p>\n
engineer based at Newcastle University who has spent more than 10 years studying the environmental <\/p>\n
transmission of antibiotic resistance around the world. “If untreated wastes get into the water supply, <\/p>\n
resistance potential in the wastes can pass to the next person and spiraling increases in resistance can occur.”<\/p>\n
“This isn’t a local problem – it’s a global one. We studied pilgrimage areas because we suspected <\/p>\n
such locations would provide new information about resistance transmission via the environment . <\/p>\n
And it has – temporary visitors from outside the region overload local waste handling systems, which <\/p>\n
seasonally reduces water quality at the normally pristine sites,” Graham said.<\/p>\n
The team says it is important to protect people visiting and living at these sites while also making sure <\/p>\n
nothing interferes with important religious practices. They argue that preventing the spread of resistance genes <\/p>\n
that promote life-threating bacteria could be achieved by improving waste management at key pilgrimage sites.<\/p>\n
“What humans have done by excess use of antibiotics is accelerate the rate of evolution , creating a world of <\/p>\n
resistant strains that never existed before. Through the overuse of antibiotics, contamination of drinking water <\/p>\n
and other factors, we have exponentially speeded-up the rate at which superbugs might develop. For example, <\/p>\n
when a new drug is developed , natural bacteria can rapidly adapt and become resistant ; therefore very few <\/p>\n
new drugs are in the pipeline because it simply isn’t cost-effective to make them,” Graham said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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