Gramalaya \u2013 Tiruchirapalli<\/p>\n
Appropriate technologies on low-cost toilets<\/p>\n
Gramalaya \u2013 Tiruchirapalli<\/p>\n
Appropriate Low-cost toilet technology \u2013 An Indian perspective<\/p>\n
Toilet Technology cum Training center<\/p>\n
Gramalaya has been implementing for more than two and half decades various toilet<\/p>\n
technology depending on the terrain with the support of WaterAid and Water.org for the last<\/p>\n
20 years. There are several designs and technologies available for installing a household type<\/p>\n
sanitary latrine. Therefore, it is important to give several technological options or informed<\/p>\n
choices to the user to choose and own and maintain a sanitary latrine without much external<\/p>\n
support but several inter-related factors play important role in installing a sanitary latrine to a<\/p>\n
rural household. This includes: \u2022 Affordability<\/p>\n \u2022 Space in the home<\/p>\n \u2022 Geographical conditions – soil\/water table etc<\/p>\n \u2022 Cultural habits<\/p>\n \u2022 Availability of water\/scarcity of water<\/p>\n \u2022 Availability of skilled or semi skilled manpower<\/p>\n Gramalaya increases the coverage of toilets by awareness creation, motivation and hygiene<\/p>\n education. Gramalaya through its community based organizations provide accessible<\/p>\n sanitation to every household promoting low-cost technological option and also help the<\/p>\n communities to avail financial assistance from lending institutions.<\/p>\n Gramalaya has established a Toilet Technology cum Training Centre at its rural headquarters<\/p>\n in the village of Kolakudipatti in Thottiam block, Tiruchi district. The Center was established<\/p>\n with funding support from Water.org, USA as a part of its WATSAN programme and<\/p>\n displays a range of toilet models, including an eco-san toilet, which are appropriate for use in<\/p>\n the Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC). The Centre provides training for representatives and<\/p>\n field staff of Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Government officials, including<\/p>\n block co-ordinators involved in the TSC programme as well as to masons and members of<\/p>\n women Self -Help Groups (SHGs) formed by Gramalaya. Here visitors learn how they can<\/p>\n construct zero budget toilets using locally available materials.<\/p>\n Field visits to villages where zero budget toilets are in use are also arranged by the<\/p>\n organisation. The Centre has models of both waterless toilets and toilets that only require<\/p>\n minimal water input, making them suitable in coastal, tribal, rocky and water-logged areas.<\/p>\n Models appropriate for operation in urban areas are also displayed. The Centre has domestic<\/p>\n toilet models ranging in price from Rs.150 to Rs.15000 which are also environment friendly.<\/p>\n All models in the centre are based on the fact that they were successfully introduced in rural<\/p>\n areas in various parts of the district. Gramalaya has also introduced child friendly toilets in<\/p>\n municipalities. These toilets are situated adjacent to the regular toilets constructed by the City<\/p>\n Corporation and therefore are maintained under the pay and use concept by Women Self-<\/p>\n Help Groups. All Child Friendly Toilets are fully utilised by neighbourhood children.<\/p>\n The centre also has miniature models of School toilets which are suitable for primary and<\/p>\n middle schools in rural areas. Similarly the Centre has models of toilets that can be built in<\/p>\n Anganwadis under the TSC programme. Furthermore, there are the facilities to provide<\/p>\n training and demonstration – for nominal fees – of toilet models for the benefit of NGO<\/p>\n representatives and government officials involved in water supply, health and sanitation. The<\/p>\n models displayed are only indicative and the Center encourages innovative, location-specific<\/p>\n models using local materials.<\/p>\n \u2022<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Latrines gives social status and privacy for women and children<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u2022<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Sanitation brings improvement in environmental conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u2022<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Accessible sanitation facilities save time and increases working hours.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u2022<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Usage of latrines reduce incidence of diarrheal diseases and medical expenses.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u2022<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Sanitation improves income status<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Technology for Toilets<\/p>\n Gramalaya places emphasis on low-cost, location specific, acceptable technologies and<\/p>\n designs which will be constructed by community members of their own accord and<\/p>\n depending on their socio-economic status, with the support from field staff working for the<\/p>\n project. The technologies promoted by Gramalaya are field tested and proven to be<\/p>\n successful. Whatever Gramalaya has learnt from its various projects over the years is taken<\/p>\n onboard when approaching interested communities. In this way Gramalaya is able to<\/p>\n maintain excellence and innovation with every new intervention community and at every<\/p>\n stage of the project from its beginnings to its completion.<\/p>\n All the above activities either can be supported through grant or loan schemes depending<\/p>\n upon the project area and support available. In all places, more emphasis will be given for<\/p>\n toilets with a bathroom and water storage facilities, and that use water saving rural pans.<\/p>\n Some of the successfully field tested models are provided below:<\/p>\n 1. Twin pit pour flush UNDP designed leach pit model in the hard soil areas<\/p>\n 2. Single pit pour flush leach pit model with honeycomb brickwork or lined pits using local<\/p>\n stones<\/p>\n 3. Dry pit latrines in difficult areas like tribal belts and economically deprived communities<\/p>\n 4. Eco-san toilets\/compost latrines for water-logged, water scarce, coastal and rocky areas<\/p>\n 5. Community latrines for urban slums\/peri-urban\/densely populated areas where space is a<\/p>\n constraint.<\/p>\n 6. Individual toilets with bathroom facilities connected to a sewerage network or<\/p>\n underground drainage areas<\/p>\n 7. Child friendly toilets for Anganwadis and school toilet complexes<\/p>\n 1. Plinth level toilet with temporary superstructure<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. Appropriate where space is limited<\/p>\n 2. Easier to empty when pit fills<\/p>\n 3. Low cost<\/p>\n 4. Superstructure made from locally<\/p>\n available materials such as banana<\/p>\n leaves, bamboo sticks and gunny bags<\/p>\n 5. It is appropriate for festival places and during emergencies<\/p>\n 6. It is constructed in one day<\/p>\n 7. The plinth level basement may be circle or square shape<\/p>\n Cost Estimate :<\/p>\n Details No. of units<\/p>\n Unit cost (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Total amount (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Toilet pan with p-trap<\/p>\n (ceramic rural pan<\/p>\n with deep slope) 1 250 250<\/p>\n Jaggery and jute bag for<\/p>\n connecting<\/p>\n the p-trap and pan 75<\/p>\n Squatting slab 1 300 300<\/p>\n Cement 1\/2 bag 140 140<\/p>\n Masonry charges 1 mason 350 350<\/p>\n Sand 3 bond 100 100<\/p>\n Soling stone for pit lining 1\/2 unit 300<\/p>\n Total 1515<\/p>\n 2. Toilet only model with superstructure using hollow bricks<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. It is a suitable model for all<\/p>\n 2. Low cost<\/p>\n 3. Appropriate where space is limited<\/p>\n Cost Estimate :<\/p>\n Details No. of units<\/p>\n Unit cost (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Total amount<\/p>\n (in Rs.)<\/p>\n Toilet pan with p-trap<\/p>\n (ceramic rural pan with deep<\/p>\n slope) 1 250 250<\/p>\n PVC pipe – 4 feet (4 inch dia) 4 feet pipe 22 88<\/p>\n Hollow bricks 75 15 1125<\/p>\n Cement 2.5 bags 275 687<\/p>\n Masonry charges 3 masons 350 1050<\/p>\n Sand 1 bullock cart 400 400<\/p>\n Door 1 600 600<\/p>\n Soling stone 1 bullock cart 500 500<\/p>\n Cover slab for pit 1 300 300<\/p>\n Transport charges 500 500<\/p>\n Total 5500<\/p>\n 3. Toilet attached bathroom using hollow bricks without roof<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. Provides privacy for ablution, especially important for women and adolescent girls<\/p>\n 2. Provides water storage, bathing and washing facilities inside the toilet<\/p>\n 3. Promotes kitchen garden from bathroom waste water<\/p>\n 4. Multifunctional structure<\/p>\n Cost estimate:<\/p>\n Details No. of units<\/p>\n Unit cost (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Total amount (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Toilet pan with p-trap (ceramic<\/p>\n rural<\/p>\n pan with deep slope) 1 250 250<\/p>\n PVC pipe – 10 feet (4 inch dia) 10 feet 22 220<\/p>\n Country bricks (locally made) 500 4 2000<\/p>\n Cement 2.5 bags 275 687<\/p>\n Masonry charges 4 masons 350 1400<\/p>\n Sand 1 bullock cart 500 500<\/p>\n Door 1 600 600<\/p>\n Soling stones 1 bullock cart 500 500<\/p>\n Cover slab for pit 2 300 600<\/p>\n Transport charges 500 500<\/p>\n Total 7257<\/p>\n 4. Toilet only model with superstructure using bricks with roof (Concrete rings pit)<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. Low cost<\/p>\n 2. Appropriate where space is limited<\/p>\n 3. Provides privacy<\/p>\n 4. Roof provides cover during rainy season<\/p>\n Cost estimate:<\/p>\n Details No. of units<\/p>\n Unit cost (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Total amount (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Toilet pan with p-trap (ceramic<\/p>\n rural<\/p>\n pan with deep slope) 1 250 250<\/p>\n PVC pipe – 4 feet (4 inch dia) 4 feet pipe 22 88<\/p>\n Country bricks (locally made) 500 4 2000<\/p>\n Cement 2.5 bags 275 687<\/p>\n Masonry charges 3 masons 350 1050<\/p>\n Sand 1 bullock cart 400 400<\/p>\n Door 1 600 600<\/p>\n Concrete rings (3 feet dia) 4 250 1000<\/p>\n Cover slab for pit 1 300 300<\/p>\n Transport charges 500 500<\/p>\n Total 6875<\/p>\n 5. Twin pit \u2013 Pour flush latrine<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. When the first pit gets filled up, the flow of excreta has to be diverted to the second<\/p>\n pit<\/p>\n 2. Two leach pits are connected to one single pour-flush toilet<\/p>\n 3. Twin-pit toilets have a high convenience<\/p>\n 4. When emptying one pit, people use the another pit<\/p>\n Cost estimate:<\/p>\n Details<\/p>\n No. of units<\/p>\n needed<\/p>\n Unit cost (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Total amount<\/p>\n (in Rs.)<\/p>\n Toilet pan with p-trap<\/p>\n (ceramic rural<\/p>\n pan with deep slope) 1 250 250<\/p>\n PVC pipe – 10 feet (4<\/p>\n inch dia) 10 feet 22 220<\/p>\n Country bricks (locally<\/p>\n made) 500 4 2000<\/p>\n Cement 2.5 bags 275 687<\/p>\n Masonry charges 4 masons 350 1400<\/p>\n Sand 1 bullock cart 500 500<\/p>\n Door 1 600 600<\/p>\n Soling stones 1 bullock cart 500 500<\/p>\n Cover slab for pit 2 300 600<\/p>\n Transport charges 500 500<\/p>\n Total 7257<\/p>\n 6. ECO-SAN toilets<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. Avoids contamination of water sources and soil<\/p>\n 2. Composting of human waste for use as a natural<\/p>\n fertilizer<\/p>\n 3. There is no need of emptying the pits<\/p>\n 4. It is applicable for water logged, water scarce,<\/p>\n coastal and rocky areas<\/p>\n 5. Promotes soil fertility and improved crop<\/p>\n production<\/p>\n Cost estimate:<\/p>\n Details No. of units<\/p>\n Unit cost (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Total amount (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Hollow bricks 200 15 3000<\/p>\n PVC pipe – 10 feet (3 inch<\/p>\n dia) 10 feet 36 360<\/p>\n PVC pipe – 1 inch 10 feet 200<\/p>\n Cement 2.5 bags 275 687<\/p>\n Masonry charges 4 masons 350 1400<\/p>\n Sand 1 bullock cart 500 500<\/p>\n Door 1 600 600<\/p>\n Roof slab – 5’x2.5 ‘ – 2 slab 600 1200<\/p>\n Cover slab for chamber –<\/p>\n 2×2 2 300 600<\/p>\n Squatting slab 2 400 800<\/p>\n Pot, buckets with lid 200<\/p>\n Foundation work 700<\/p>\n Transport charges 500 500<\/p>\n Total 10747<\/p>\n 6. Bio-gas linked toilets<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. Bio-gas is a promising non-conventional energy that converts waste matter<\/p>\n 2. Eco-friendly<\/p>\n 3. Cost effective<\/p>\n 4. Provides a fuel for electricity, heat and light.<\/p>\n 5. Bio-manure increases productivity and soil conservation<\/p>\n Cost estimate:<\/p>\n Details No. of units<\/p>\n Unit cost (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Total amount (in<\/p>\n Rs.)<\/p>\n Bricks 1500 5 7500<\/p>\n PVC pipe\/ rubber pipe – 1\/2<\/p>\n inch 1 length 100 100<\/p>\n GI pipe – 3\/4 inch 1.5 feet 40 60<\/p>\n PVC pipe – 4 inch 10 feet 22 220<\/p>\n Cement 15 275 687<\/p>\n Masonry charges 6000<\/p>\n Sand 1 bullock cart 500 500<\/p>\n Door 1 600 600<\/p>\n Roof slab -4 x 2 2 slab 300 600<\/p>\n Gas stove 1200<\/p>\n PVC pipe L bend – 4 inch 1 60 60<\/p>\n Gate volve – 1\/2 inch 1 80 80<\/p>\n PVC reducer – 3\/4 x \u00bd 1 10 10<\/p>\n Cover slab – 3×3 2 400 800<\/p>\n Hollow bricks 100 15 1500<\/p>\n Toilet pan 1 250 250<\/p>\n Foundation work<\/p>\n 1000<\/p>\n Total 21167<\/p>\n 7. Child friendly toilets – Model \u2013 I<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. Privacy for children<\/p>\n 2. Beautiful caricatures of pets and animals on the wall<\/p>\n 3. Partition for boys and girls<\/p>\n 4. No fear among the children to use the toilet<\/p>\n 5. Anal cleaning and hand washing facilities are inside the toilet<\/p>\n 6. As the CFTs are constructed adjacent to the community toilets, maintenance is easier<\/p>\n 7. Promoting proper hygiene behaviour from childhood<\/p>\n Cost estimate:<\/p>\n Sl.<\/p>\n No.<\/p>\n Particulars Quantity\/Nos. Unit cost Amount<\/p>\n Rs.Ps.<\/p>\n 1 Cement 15 bags 280.00 4200.00<\/p>\n 2 Sand 1\/2 unit 1500.00 1500.00<\/p>\n 3. Ground level Earth<\/p>\n work<\/p>\n L.S. \u2026. 1500.00<\/p>\n 4. R.R. work foundation L.S. \u2026.. 5000.00<\/p>\n 5. Stoneware pipes \u2013 4 \u201c 2 Nos. 60.00 120.00<\/p>\n 6. Half-cut PVC pipes,<\/p>\n grating and gully<\/p>\n traps etc.,<\/p>\n L.S.<\/p>\n \u2026..<\/p>\n 2000.00<\/p>\n 7.<\/p>\n Pre-cast cement slab \u2013<\/p>\n 2\u2019 x 2\u2019 with 6\u201d drop<\/p>\n hole, 2\u201d thickness \u2013<\/p>\n reinforced slab<\/p>\n 10 No.<\/p>\n 120.00<\/p>\n 1200.00<\/p>\n 8. Plastering charges L.S \u2026..<\/p>\n 2500.00<\/p>\n 9. Country Bricks for<\/p>\n basement and<\/p>\n sidewall construction<\/p>\n 3000 Nos.<\/p>\n 4.00<\/p>\n 1200.00<\/p>\n 10. Masonry charges 10 Days 400.00 4000.00<\/p>\n 11. Unskilled labour<\/p>\n charges<\/p>\n 10 days 150.00 1500.00<\/p>\n 12. Transport charges \u2026.. \u2026.. 1000.00<\/p>\n 13. Taps for water supply<\/p>\n with plumbing<\/p>\n charges<\/p>\n \u2026.<\/p>\n \u2026..<\/p>\n 1500.00<\/p>\n 14.<\/p>\n White washing and<\/p>\n painting charges<\/p>\n 2500.00<\/p>\n Total Cost 29720.00<\/p>\n 8. Child friendly toilets \u2013 Model – 2<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. Privacy for children<\/p>\n 2. Beautiful caricatures of pets and animals on the wall<\/p>\n 3. Partition for boys and girls<\/p>\n 4. No fear among the children to use the toilet<\/p>\n 5. Annal cleaning and hand washing facilities are inside the toilet<\/p>\n 6. As the CFTs are constructed adjacent to the community toilets, maintenance is easier<\/p>\n Cost estimate:<\/p>\n Sl. No. Particulars Quantity\/Nos. Unit cost Amount<\/p>\n Rs.Ps<\/p>\n 1 Cement 8 bags 280.00 2240.00<\/p>\n 2 Sand 1\/2 unit 1500.00 1500.00<\/p>\n 3. Groundlevel Earth<\/p>\n work<\/p>\n L.S. \u2026. 1500.00<\/p>\n 4. R.R. work foundation L.S. \u2026.. 3000.00<\/p>\n 5. Stoneware pipes \u2013 4 \u201c 10 Nos. 60.00 600.00<\/p>\n 6. Grating and gully<\/p>\n traps etc.,<\/p>\n L.S.<\/p>\n \u2026..<\/p>\n 400.00<\/p>\n 7.<\/p>\n Pre-cast cement slab \u2013<\/p>\n 2\u2019 x 2\u2019 with 6\u201d drop<\/p>\n hole, 2\u201d thickness \u2013<\/p>\n reinforced slab<\/p>\n 6 No.<\/p>\n 120.00<\/p>\n 720.00<\/p>\n 8. Plastering charges L.S \u2026.. 1200.00<\/p>\n 9. Country Bricks for<\/p>\n basement and sidewall<\/p>\n construction<\/p>\n 500 Nos.<\/p>\n 4.00<\/p>\n 2000.00<\/p>\n 10. Masonry charges 5 Days 400.00 2000.00<\/p>\n 11. Unskilled labour<\/p>\n charges<\/p>\n 5 days 150.00 750.00<\/p>\n 12. Transport charges \u2026.. \u2026.. 500.00<\/p>\n 13. Taps for water supply<\/p>\n with plumbing<\/p>\n charges<\/p>\n \u2026.<\/p>\n \u2026..<\/p>\n 750.00<\/p>\n 14.<\/p>\n White washing and<\/p>\n painting charges<\/p>\n 1000.00<\/p>\n Total Cost 18160.00<\/p>\n 9. Child friendly toilets \u2013 Model – 3<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. Privacy for children<\/p>\n 2. Beautiful caricatures of pets and animals on the wall<\/p>\n 3. Partition for boys and girls<\/p>\n 4. No fear among the children to use the toilet<\/p>\n 5. Annal cleaning and hand washing facilities are inside the toilet<\/p>\n 6. As the CFTs are constructed adjacent to the community toilets, maintenance is easier<\/p>\n Cost estimate :<\/p>\n Sl.<\/p>\n No.<\/p>\n Particulars Quantity\/Nos. Unit cost Amount<\/p>\n Rs.Ps<\/p>\n 1 Cement 12 bags 280.00 3360.00<\/p>\n 2 Sand 1\/2 unit 1500.00 1500.00<\/p>\n 3. Groundlevel Earth work L.S. \u2026. 1500.00<\/p>\n 4. R.R. work foundation L.S. \u2026.. 2000.00<\/p>\n 5. Stoneware pipes \u2013 4 \u201c 2 Nos. 60.00 120.00<\/p>\n 6. Half-cut PVC pipes, grating<\/p>\n and gully traps etc.,<\/p>\n L.S.<\/p>\n \u2026..<\/p>\n 1500.00<\/p>\n 7.<\/p>\n Pre-cast cement slab \u2013 2\u2019 x 2\u2019<\/p>\n with 6\u201d drop hole, 2\u201d thickness<\/p>\n \u2013 reinforced slab<\/p>\n 10 No.<\/p>\n 120.00<\/p>\n 1200.00<\/p>\n 8. Plastering charges L.S \u2026.. 1700.00<\/p>\n 9. Country Bricks for basement<\/p>\n and sidewall construction<\/p>\n 2000 Nos.<\/p>\n 4.00<\/p>\n 8000.00<\/p>\n 10. Masonry charges 5 Days 400.00 2000.00<\/p>\n 11. Unskilled labour charges 5 days 150.00 750.00<\/p>\n 12. Transport charges \u2026.. \u2026.. 1000.00<\/p>\n 13. Taps for water supply with<\/p>\n plumbing charges<\/p>\n \u2026.<\/p>\n \u2026..<\/p>\n 1500.00<\/p>\n 14.<\/p>\n White washing and painting<\/p>\n charges<\/p>\n 2000.00<\/p>\n Total Cost 28130.00<\/p>\n 10. School sanitary complex \u2013 Model 1<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. School Sanitation is a tool for promoting better sanitation and water management for<\/p>\n children<\/p>\n 2. Improves the school environment<\/p>\n 3. Privacy for school children<\/p>\n 4. Promoting proper hygiene behaviours from childhood<\/p>\n 5. Operation and maintenance by school children<\/p>\n 6. Separate facilities for children for urination and defecation<\/p>\n 7. School toilets should be constructed within the school campus<\/p>\n 8. Incinerator should be installed in girls toilet for menstrual hygiene management<\/p>\n 9. One toilet is enough for primary school children<\/p>\n 10. Water facilities and hand washing facilities should be inside of the toilet<\/p>\n Sl.<\/p>\n No.<\/p>\n Particulars Quantity\/Nos. Unit cost Amount<\/p>\n Rs.Ps.<\/p>\n 1 Cement 25 bag 280.00 7000.00<\/p>\n 2 Sand 2 Unit 2400.00 4800.00<\/p>\n 3<\/p>\n Ceramic pan Water Closet 18\u201d<\/p>\n size with P trap and footrest<\/p>\n 1 No.<\/p>\n 270.00<\/p>\n 270.00<\/p>\n 4. Stoneware pipes \u2013 4 \u201c or PVC<\/p>\n pipes \u2013 4 inches<\/p>\n 6 Nos. 60.00 360.00<\/p>\n 5. Earth work excavation charges L.S. \u2026.. 2000.00<\/p>\n 6. R.R. foundation work with<\/p>\n soling stone<\/p>\n 1 Cart load 750.00 750.00<\/p>\n 7. Basement work with R.R. L.S. \u2026. 1500.00<\/p>\n 8. White washing and painting L.S. \u2026. 3000.00<\/p>\n 9. Ceramic tiles and fitting charges Tiles 8\u201d x 8\u201d<\/p>\n size \u2013 8 boxes<\/p>\n 500.00 4000.00<\/p>\n 10. Water Tap connection to toilets<\/p>\n and urinals<\/p>\n L.S.<\/p>\n \u2026..<\/p>\n 1500.00<\/p>\n 11.<\/p>\n Pre-cast cement slab \u2013 4\u2019x 2\u2019<\/p>\n size , 2\u201d thickness \u2013 reinforced<\/p>\n slab for toilet roof<\/p>\n 4 No.<\/p>\n 300.00<\/p>\n 1200.00<\/p>\n 12. Door with iron frame and tin<\/p>\n sheet 5\u2019 x 2\u2019 size<\/p>\n 3 No.<\/p>\n 1000.00<\/p>\n 3000.00<\/p>\n 13.<\/p>\n Country Bricks \u2013 9\u201d size<\/p>\n 3000 Nos.<\/p>\n 4.00<\/p>\n 12000.00<\/p>\n 14.<\/p>\n Masonry charges<\/p>\n 10 Days<\/p>\n 400.00<\/p>\n 4000.00<\/p>\n 15.<\/p>\n Unskilled labour charges<\/p>\n 20 days<\/p>\n Rs.150.00<\/p>\n 3000.00<\/p>\n 16.<\/p>\n Transport charges<\/p>\n 1500.00<\/p>\n Total Cost<\/p>\n 49880.00<\/p>\n 11. School sanitary complex \u2013 Model 2<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. School Sanitation is a tool for promoting better sanitation and water Management for<\/p>\n children<\/p>\n 2. To improve the school environment<\/p>\n 3. Privacy for school children<\/p>\n 4. Following hygiene behaviours from the childhood<\/p>\n 5. Operation and maintenance by school children<\/p>\n 6. Separate facilities for children for urination and defecation<\/p>\n 7. School toilets should construct within the school campus<\/p>\n 8. Incinerator should be installed in girls toilet for menstrual hygiene management<\/p>\n 9. One toilet is enough for primary school children<\/p>\n 10. Water facilities and hand washing facilities should be inside of the toilet<\/p>\n Cost estimate:<\/p>\n Sl.<\/p>\n No.<\/p>\n Particulars Quantity\/Nos. Unit cost Amount<\/p>\n Rs.Ps<\/p>\n 1 Cement 30 bag 280.00 8400.00<\/p>\n 2 Sand 2 Unit 2400.00 4800.00<\/p>\n 3 Ceramic pan Water Closet 18\u201d<\/p>\n size with P trap and footrest<\/p>\n 2 No.<\/p>\n 270.00<\/p>\n 540.00<\/p>\n 4. Stoneware pipes \u2013 4 \u201c or PVC<\/p>\n pipes<\/p>\n 8 Nos. 60.00 480.00<\/p>\n 5. Earth work excavation charges L.S. \u2026. 1500.00<\/p>\n 6. R.R. foundation work with<\/p>\n soling stone<\/p>\n 1 Cart load 750.00 750.00<\/p>\n 7. Basement work with R.R. L.S. \u2026.. 1500.00<\/p>\n 8. White washing and painting L.S. \u2026. 3000.00<\/p>\n 9. Ceramic tiles and fitting charges Tiles 8\u201d x 8\u201d<\/p>\n size 12 boxes<\/p>\n 500.00<\/p>\n 6000.00<\/p>\n 10. Water Tap connection to toilets<\/p>\n and urinals<\/p>\n L.S.<\/p>\n \u2026.<\/p>\n 1500.00<\/p>\n 11.<\/p>\n Pre-cast cement slab \u2013 4\u2019x 2\u2019<\/p>\n size , 2\u201d thickness \u2013 reinforced<\/p>\n slab for toilet roof<\/p>\n 8 No.<\/p>\n 300.00<\/p>\n 2400.00<\/p>\n 12. Door with iron frame and tin<\/p>\n sheet 5\u2019 x 2\u2019 size<\/p>\n 4 No.<\/p>\n 1000.00<\/p>\n 4000.00<\/p>\n 13.<\/p>\n Country Bricks \u2013 9\u201d size<\/p>\n 3000 Nos.<\/p>\n 4.00<\/p>\n 12000.00<\/p>\n 14.<\/p>\n Masonry charges<\/p>\n 12 Days<\/p>\n 400.00<\/p>\n 4800.00<\/p>\n 15.<\/p>\n Unskilled labour charges<\/p>\n 24 days<\/p>\n Rs.150.00<\/p>\n 3600.00<\/p>\n 16.<\/p>\n Transport Charges<\/p>\n \u2026. \u2026.. 1500.00<\/p>\n Total Cost 56770.00<\/p>\n 12. Anganwadi toilet<\/p>\n Salient features<\/p>\n 1. It is a platform for behaviour change for the children<\/p>\n 2.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Promoting hygiene behaviours from childhood<\/span><\/p>\n 3. Child friendly door with a provision for opening from inside and outside of the toilet<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n 4. Displays pet animal pictures inside the wall, providing a friendly environment<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n 5. Smallest toilet pan with 14 inches should be used<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n 6. To maintain one foot height of water storing tub. Water tub should be easy to access<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n for children for cleaning and washing<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Cost estimate:<\/p>\n Sl. No. Particulars Quantity\/Nos. Unit cost Total<\/p>\n Rs. Ps<\/p>\n 1 Cement 4 bag 280.00 1120.00<\/p>\n 2 Sand \u00bd unit 1200.00 1200.00<\/p>\n 3<\/p>\n Ceramic pan Water Closet baby<\/p>\n friendly size with P trap and<\/p>\n footrest<\/p>\n 1 No.<\/p>\n 270.00<\/p>\n 270.00<\/p>\n 4. Stoneware pipes \u2013 4 \u201c 2 Nos. 60.00 120.00<\/p>\n 5.<\/p>\n Pre-cast cement slab for roof \u2013<\/p>\n 6\u2019 dia, 2\u201d thickness \u2013 reinforced<\/p>\n slab in 2 pieces for roofing<\/p>\n 2 No.<\/p>\n 350.00<\/p>\n 700.00<\/p>\n 6. Door with iron frame and tin<\/p>\n sheet 5\u2019 x 2\u2019 size<\/p>\n 1 No.<\/p>\n 750.00<\/p>\n 750.00<\/p>\n 7. Country Bricks 700 Nos. 4.00 2800.00<\/p>\n 8. Earth work including pitting<\/p>\n charges<\/p>\n 500.00<\/p>\n 9. Rough stone or soling stone<\/p>\n 350.00<\/p>\n 10. Cover slab for leach pit 1 no. 300.00 300.00<\/p>\n 8.<\/p>\n Masonry charges<\/p>\n 6 Days<\/p>\n 400.00<\/p>\n 2400.00<\/p>\n 9.<\/p>\n Unskilled labour charges<\/p>\n 6 days<\/p>\n Rs.150.00<\/p>\n 900.00<\/p>\n 10. White washing and painting<\/p>\n charges<\/p>\n 750.00<\/p>\n 10.<\/p>\n Transport charges<\/p>\n \u2026..<\/p>\n \u2026.<\/p>\n 500.00<\/p>\n Total Cost<\/p>\n 12660.00<\/p>\n Leach pit models<\/p>\n Leach pit with honeycomb brick<\/p>\n work model using bricks<\/p>\n Leach pit with honeycomb brick work<\/p>\n model using rough stone or soling<\/p>\n stone<\/p>\n Concrete ring model<\/p>\n Concrete ring model \u2013 top<\/p>\n layer only<\/p>\n 2 inches gap<\/p>\n Cover slab<\/p>\n Rough<\/p>\n stone or<\/p>\n soling stone<\/p>\n 5 ft<\/p>\n 1 mtr<\/p>\n dia<\/p>\n Note: The cost of construction materials and labour involved are subject to change according to<\/p>\n the local conditions and price escalation.<\/p>\n Technical drawings designed by:<\/p>\n Mr. Luke Whaley, Water and Sanitation practitioner, London, UK<\/p>\n Vision<\/p>\n Gramalaya envisions a society in which all people will have equal rights and access to<\/p>\n protected water, sanitation, health and improved income status without gender<\/p>\n discrimination.<\/p>\n Mission<\/p>\n Gramalaya is an NGO dedicated to promoting water, sanitation, hygiene and overall<\/p>\n improvement of the rural, urban, coastal and tribal population in India. Thus, working for<\/p>\n the empowerment of marginalized communities, especially the women and children<\/p>\n For more details, please contact :<\/p>\n Gramalaya<\/p>\n No.C-62 B, 10<\/p>\n th <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Cross,<\/span><\/p>\n Further west extension,<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Thillainagar<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Tiruchirapalli \u2013 620 018<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Tel: (0431) 4021563, 2740263<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Website:<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n www.gramalaya.in<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Email:<\/p>\n gramalaya@hotmail.com <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \/ gramalaya@airtelmail.in<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u092e\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092b\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u091b\u0947\u095c\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u094b \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947… more ![\"toilet](\"https:\/\/patriotsforumindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/toilet-2-300x119.jpg\")
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